Pediatric Health-Care Services
Pediatric Health-Care Services
Pediatric Health-Care Services
The development of practice models, systems, and training for pediatric care has received significant attention from the literature. The acknowledgement of the important role of child development in the determination of adult capacity has made it critical to establish responsive childhood services system. During such a process, the role of practitioners need to extend beyond the traditional constricts in order to develop a holistic, and more contemporary system. However, even with the development of such system, the sources of pediatric primary care require a similar attention while the barriers to pediatric access to care should become eliminated. All these can only happen through a comprehension of pediatric health care services in the United States. Therefore, the present paper will look to examine these services through the prism of the sources of pediatric care, an appraisal of the status of the pediatric health care services as well as barriers that prevent children from accessing these services in the United States.
Sources of Pediatric Primary Care in the United States
According to Simon et al. (2015), a study conducted between 2011-2012 revealed that only 95.5% of children in the United States possessed a usual source of health care. Further studies on the matter revealed that children with usual sources of primary care in the United States showed a higher probability of receiving health care services such as seeing a physician alongside others. In the pediatric primary care, a trend has emerged where parents take their children to a clinic, health center, and hospital outpatient departments for primary care (Simon et al., 2015). These three sources form the foundational pediatric primary care sources in the United States. In addition to the above, pediatric also receive primary care services from the ER Department, although only to a limited extend.
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However, the above sources fail in the sufficient provision of services to the pediatric population. According to statistics, the pediatric population in the United States continues to grow at a remarkable pace. As such, the existing pediatric health care services do not have the capacity to provide the necessary services. Indeed, this becomes evident when Kuo et al. (2012) asserts that 50% of developmental challenges remain undiagnosed until school-going age. Further, a majority of pediatric patients do not have health care coverage while the fact that a majority of them belong to minority populations, hence from poor socio-cultural backgrounds, implies that they have limited access to the primary sources of care. Thus, the disorganization of the entire system of pediatric health care services means that the sources of primary care do not offer sufficient services.
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Pediatric Populations that Lack Access
Minority populations in the United States of America have always struggled to access health care services equitably. Similarly, studies have shown pediatric population of African-American and Latin origins as lacking access to health care services. A study by Koita et al. (2018) revealed that poverty forms the main reason as to why these minority children lack access to heath care services. The prevalence of poverty in their communities prevents them from enjoying resources that can maintain health, which embeds poverty. As a consequence, the poor health prevents their parents and themselves from gainful employment and education that they could use to eradicate poverty. These reasons thus prevent them from getting insurance and affording primary health care services even from their usual sources of care.
Barriers to Children Accessing Health Care
In the United States health care system, barriers related to socioeconomic and racial factors in minority populations have denied children access to pediatric health care services. Fundamentally, the absence of insurance cover has hampered access to care among these populations. According to statistics, over 40 million people in the United States do not have insurance cover, with a majority of them belonging to poor, minority populations. As a result, children from such communities cannot access basic primary care services from clinics, emergency departments, and even health centers (Ray & Mehrotra, 2016). In addition, the quality of care that they receive is of poor quality as a majority of them cannot afford out-of-pocket payments. Moreover, the absence of specific source to ongoing care also prevents children from accessing quality care. The minority populations have demonstrated a higher percentage of the situation as data has consistently revealed that blacks and Hispanic whites have a comparatively lower rates to their non-Hispanic whites. As such, their children do not access quality pediatric primary care services. Lastly, limited proficiency in English has also prevented children from minority populations from accessing quality care. The barriers in language proficiency particularly among the Hispanic whites has exposed them to decreased safety, quality of care and patient and clinician satisfaction. The situation affects these population even for those who may have access to care due to their insurance coverage.
In all the above barriers, the overriding theme entails poverty and illiteracy, which affect a significant portion of these minority populations. The general trend of insurance coverage in the U.S shows that low-income, poor, and middle income have lower percentages compared to high-income populations. Additionally, the level of education also determines insurance coverage as those within more than high school certification demonstrate higher propensity to take cover than those without (Koita et al., 2018). The same trends have been observed in the limited English proficiency and specific source of ongoing care barriers. Therefore, poverty and education form a double-thronged axis for the existence of barriers to primary pediatric health care services.
Conclusion
Pediatric health care services in the United States play a significant role in the realization of the Healthy People 2020 objectives. However, the barriers to quality care caused by socioeconomic and ethnic disparities have exposed pediatric patients to poor care in the U.S. This has ensured that Latino and African-American children do not access pediatric health care services.
Pediatric Health-Care Services References
Koita, K., Long, D., Hessler, D., Benson, M., Daley, K., Bucci, M., … Burke Harris, N. (2018). Development and implementation of a pediatric adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and other determinants of health questionnaire in the pediatric medical home: A pilot study. PLoS ONE, 13(12), 1–16. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0208088
Kuo, A. A., Etzel, R. A., Chilton, L. A., Watson, C., & Gorski, P. A. (2012). Primary care pediatrics and public health: meeting the needs of today’s children. American journal of public health, 102(12), e17–e23. doi:10.2105/AJPH.2012.301013
Ray, K. N., & Mehrotra, A. (2016). Trends in Access to Primary Care for Children in the United States, 2002-2013. JAMA pediatrics, 170(10), 1023–1025. doi:10.1001/jamapediatrics.2016.0985
Simon, A. E., Rossen, L. M., Schoendorf, K. C., Larson, K., & Olson, L. M. (2015). Location of Usual Source of Care among Children and Adolescents in the United States, 1997-2013. The Journal of pediatrics, 167(6), 1409–1414. doi:10.1016/j.jpeds.2015.09.026
Week 1 discussion Pediatric Health-Care Services This discussion assignment provides a forum for discussing relevant topics for this week based on the course competencies covered. For this assignment, make sure you post your initial response to the Discussion Area by the due date assigned. To support your work, use your course textbook readings and the South University Online Library. As in all assignments, cite your sources in your work and provide references for the citations in APA format. Start reviewing and responding to the postings of your classmates as early in the week as possible. Respond to at least two of your classmates’ initial postings. Participate in the discussion by asking a question, providing a statement of clarification, providing a point of view with a rationale, challenging an aspect of the discussion, or indicating a relationship between two or more lines of reasoning in the discussion. Cite sources in your responses to other classmates. Complete your participation for this assignment by the end of the week. Using your course textbook readings and the South University Online Library, perform research on the following: Sources of pediatric primary care in the United States Current status of pediatric health-care services in the United States Barriers to health care for children in the United States After completing your research, answer the following questions:
Pediatric Health-Care Services
What are the sources of pediatric primary care in the United States? Are these sources sufficient for providing health-care services to the pediatric population? Why or why not? Are there certain pediatric populations that lack access to health-care services? Why? What are the barriers to children in accessing health-care services in the United States? Why do these barriers exist? Week 2 discussion iHuman Case Study – Developmental Assessment and Biological Functioning This discussion assignment provides a forum for discussing relevant topics for this week based on the course competencies covered. For this assignment, make sure you post your initial response to the Discussion Area by the due date assigned. To support your work, use your course textbook readings and the South University Online Library. As in all assignments, cite your sources in your work and provide references for the citations in APA format. Start reviewing and responding to the postings of your classmates as early in the week as possible. Respond to at least two of your classmates’ initial postings. Participate in the discussion by asking a question, providing a statement of clarification, providing a point of view with a rationale, challenging an aspect of the discussion, or indicating a relationship between two or more lines of reasoning in the discussion. Cite sources in your responses to other classmates. Complete your participation for this assignment by the end of the week. For this assignment, you will complete an iHuman case study based on the course objectives and weekly content. iHuman cases emphasize core learning objectives for an evidence-based primary care curriculum. Throughout your nurse practitioner program, you will use the iHuman case studies to promote the development of clinical reasoning through the use of ongoing assessments and diagnostic skills and to develop patient care plans that are grounded in the latest clinical guidelines and evidence-based practice. The iHuman assignments are highly interactive and a dynamic way to enhance your learning. Material from the iHuman cases may be present in the quizzes, the midterm exam, and the final exam. Click here for information on how to access and navigate iHuman. This week, complete the iHuman case titled “Buddy (Theodore, Jr.) VE.” Apply information from the iHuman Case Study to answer the following questions: Why is developmental assessment essential in the provision of primary care for infants, children, and adolescents, and what are the essential components of this assessment on the basis of a child’s age? Which tools will you use to assess specific components of development (such
ADDITIONAL INSTRUCTIONS FOR THE CLASS
Discussion Questions (DQ)
Initial responses to the DQ should address all components of the questions asked, include a minimum of one scholarly source, and be at least 250 words.
Successful responses are substantive (i.e., add something new to the discussion, engage others in the discussion, well-developed idea) and include at least one scholarly source.
One or two sentence responses, simple statements of agreement or “good post,” and responses that are off-topic will not count as substantive. Substantive responses should be at least 150 words.
I encourage you to incorporate the readings from the week (as applicable) into your responses.
Weekly Participation
Your initial responses to the mandatory DQ do not count toward participation and are graded separately.
In addition to the DQ responses, you must post at least one reply to peers (or me) on three separate days, for a total of three replies.
Participation posts do not require a scholarly source/citation (unless you cite someone else’s work).
Part of your weekly participation includes viewing the weekly announcement and attesting to watching it in the comments. These announcements are made to ensure you understand everything that is due during the week.
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Familiarize yourself with APA format and practice using it correctly. It is used for most writing assignments for your degree. Visit the Writing Center in the Student Success Center, under the Resources tab in LoudCloud for APA paper templates, citation examples, tips, etc. Points will be deducted for poor use of APA format or absence of APA format (if required).
Cite all sources of information! When in doubt, cite the source. Paraphrasing also requires a citation.
I highly recommend using the APA Publication Manual, 6th edition.
Use of Direct Quotes
I discourage overutilization of direct quotes in DQs and assignments at the Masters’ level and deduct points accordingly.
As Masters’ level students, it is important that you be able to critically analyze and interpret information from journal articles and other resources. Simply restating someone else’s words does not demonstrate an understanding of the content or critical analysis of the content.
It is best to paraphrase content and cite your source.
LopesWrite Policy
For assignments that need to be submitted to LopesWrite, please be sure you have received your report and Similarity Index (SI) percentage BEFORE you do a “final submit” to me.
Once you have received your report, please review it. This report will show you grammatical, punctuation, and spelling errors that can easily be fixed. Take the extra few minutes to review instead of getting counted off for these mistakes.
Review your similarities. Did you forget to cite something? Did you not paraphrase well enough? Is your paper made up of someone else’s thoughts more than your own?
Visit the Writing Center in the Student Success Center, under the Resources tab in LoudCloud for tips on improving your paper and SI score.
Late Policy
The university’s policy on late assignments is 10% penalty PER DAY LATE. This also applies to late DQ replies.
Please communicate with me if you anticipate having to submit an assignment late. I am happy to be flexible, with advance notice. We may be able to work out an extension based on extenuating circumstances.
If you do not communicate with me before submitting an assignment late, the GCU late policy will be in effect.
I do not accept assignments that are two or more weeks late unless we have worked out an extension.
As per policy, no assignments are accepted after the last day of class. Any assignment submitted after midnight on the last day of class will not be accepted for grading.
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Communication is so very important. There are multiple ways to communicate with me:
Questions to Instructor Forum: This is a great place to ask course content or assignment questions. If you have a question, there is a good chance one of your peers does as well. This is a public forum for the class.
Individual Forum: This is a private forum to ask me questions or send me messages. This will be checked at least once every 24 hours.
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