NRS-428 Topic 2 DQ 1 Assignment: Global-social Determinants of Health
NRS-428 Topic 2 DQ 1 Assignment: Global-social Determinants of Health
Assignment: Global-social Determinants of Health
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Question Description
1. What are social determinants of health? Explain how social determinants of health contribute to the development of disease. Describe the fundamental idea that the communicable disease chain model is designed to represent.
Give an example of the steps a nurse can take to break the link within the communicable disease chain. Resources within your text covering international/global health, and the websites in the topic materials, will assist you in answering this discussion question.
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NRS-428 Topic 2 DQ 1 Assignment: Global-social Determinants of Health
2.Select a global health issue affecting the international health community. Briefly describe the global health issue and its impact on the larger public health care systems (i.e., continents, regions, countries, states, and health departments).
Discuss how health care delivery systems work collaboratively to address global health concerns and some of the stakeholders that work on these issues. Resources within your text covering international/global health, and the websites in the topic materials, will assist you in answering this discussion question.
NRS-428 Topic 2 DQ 1
You must proofread your paper. But do not strictly rely on your computer’s spell-checker and grammar-checker; failure to do so indicates a lack of effort on your part and you can expect your grade to suffer accordingly.
Papers with numerous misspelled words and grammatical mistakes will be penalized. Read over your paper – in silence and then aloud – before handing it in and make corrections as necessary. Often it is advantageous to have a friend proofread your paper for obvious errors. Handwritten corrections are preferable to uncorrected mistakes.
NRS-428 Topic 2 DQ 1 Assignment: Global-social Determinants of Health
Use a standard 10 to 12 point (10 to 12 characters per inch) typeface. Smaller or compressed type and papers with small margins or single-spacing are hard to read. It is better to let your essay run over the recommended number of pages than to try to compress it into fewer pages.
Likewise, large type, large margins, large indentations, triple-spacing, increased leading (space between lines), increased kerning (space between letters), and any other such attempts at “padding” to increase the length of a paper are unacceptable, wasteful of trees, and will not fool your professor.
NRS-428 Topic 2 DQ 1
The paper must be neatly formatted, double-spaced with a one-inch margin on the top, bottom, and sides of each page. When submitting hard copy, be sure to use white paper and print out using dark ink. If it is hard to read your essay, it will also be hard to follow your argument.
ADDITIONAL INSTRUCTIONS FOR THE CLASS
Discussion Questions (DQ)
Initial responses to the DQ should address all components of the questions asked, include a minimum of one scholarly source, and be at least 250 words.
Successful responses are substantive (i.e., add something new to the discussion, engage others in the discussion, well-developed idea) and include at least one scholarly source.
One or two sentence responses, simple statements of agreement or “good post,” and responses that are off-topic will not count as substantive. Substantive responses should be at least 150 words.
I encourage you to incorporate the readings from the week (as applicable) into your responses.
NRS-428 Topic 2 DQ 1
Weekly Participation
Your initial responses to the mandatory DQ do not count toward participation and are graded separately.
In addition to the DQ responses, you must post at least one reply to peers (or me) on three separate days, for a total of three replies.
Participation posts do not require a scholarly source/citation (unless you cite someone else’s work).
Part of your weekly participation includes viewing the weekly announcement and attesting to watching it in the comments. These announcements are made to ensure you understand everything that is due during the week.
APA Format and Writing Quality
Familiarize yourself with APA format and practice using it correctly. It is used for most writing assignments for your degree. Visit the Writing Center in the Student Success Center, under the Resources tab in LoudCloud for APA paper templates, citation examples, tips, etc. Points will be deducted for poor use of APA format or absence of APA format (if required).
Cite all sources of information! When in doubt, cite the source. Paraphrasing also requires a citation.
I highly recommend using the APA Publication Manual, 6th edition.
Use of Direct Quotes
I discourage overutilization of direct quotes in DQs and assignments at the Masters’ level and deduct points accordingly.
As Masters’ level students, it is important that you be able to critically analyze and interpret information from journal articles and other resources. Simply restating someone else’s words does not demonstrate an understanding of the content or critical analysis of the content.
It is best to paraphrase content and cite your source.
LopesWrite Policy
For assignments that need to be submitted to LopesWrite, please be sure you have received your report and Similarity Index (SI) percentage BEFORE you do a “final submit” to me.
Once you have received your report, please review it. This report will show you grammatical, punctuation, and spelling errors that can easily be fixed. Take the extra few minutes to review instead of getting counted off for these mistakes.
NRS-428 Topic 2 DQ 1
Review your similarities. Did you forget to cite something? Did you not paraphrase well enough? Is your paper made up of someone else’s thoughts more than your own?
Visit the Writing Center in the Student Success Center, under the Resources tab in LoudCloud for tips on improving your paper and SI score.
Late Policy
The university’s policy on late assignments is 10% penalty PER DAY LATE. This also applies to late DQ replies.
Please communicate with me if you anticipate having to submit an assignment late. I am happy to be flexible, with advance notice. We may be able to work out an extension based on extenuating circumstances.
NRS-428 Topic 2 DQ 1
If you do not communicate with me before submitting an assignment late, the GCU late policy will be in effect.
I do not accept assignments that are two or more weeks late unless we have worked out an extension.
As per policy, no assignments are accepted after the last day of class. Any assignment submitted after midnight on the last day of class will not be accepted for grading.
Communication
Communication is so very important. There are multiple ways to communicate with me:
Questions to Instructor Forum: This is a great place to ask course content or assignment questions. If you have a question, there is a good chance one of your peers does as well. This is a public forum for the class.
Individual Forum: This is a private forum to ask me questions or send me messages. This will be checked at least once every 24 hours.
The social determinants of health are those factors which are a part of an individual’s everyday life and greatly influence their overall health and wellbeing. Examples of social determinants include income and poverty, education, neighborhood, and employment.
These factors are more social than medical, yet exercise a huge influence on an individual’s health (Braveman & Gottlieb, 2017).
NRS-428 Topic 2 DQ 1 Assignment: Global-social Determinants of Health
For example, poverty would mean that an individual would not have access to nutritious food choices, which are usually more expensive than processed food. The consumption of too much processed foods would heavily lower his overall health and make him or her more susceptible to chronic conditions.
Therefore, poverty has a huge impact on his or her wellbeing. The same can be said of all the other social determinants of health and make it more complicated in improving the health of a community.
Communicable diseases are those diseases which can be spread from one person to another easily (Barreto et al, 2016). Examples of communicable diseases can include influenza, malaria and the cold.
The way these diseases spread is called the communicable disease chain. It consists of an agent which causes a communicable disease, a reservoir where the agent spends the early part of its life, the route of exit which tells how the agent leaves the reservoir, the mode of transmission which is how the disease is passed around, the route of entry where the agent enters a host where it will gain maturity.
Because of the chain, if any of these steps are interrupted, it is possible to stop the spread of the communicable disease. That is where a nurse can be very effective. He or she can play a big role in creating interventions that prevent the disease from spreading.
The nurse can specially play a big role in stopping the modes of transmission (Barreto et al, 2016). For example, a nurse can educate people on how to prevent getting bit by a tick, which is mode of transmission for dangerous diseases such as Lyme disease. This way, it stops the spread of the disease.
NRS-428 Topic 2 DQ 1 Assignment: Global-social Determinants of Health
Barreto, M. L., Teixeira, M. G., & Carmo, E. H. (2016). Infectious diseases epidemiology. Journal of epidemiology and community health, 60(3), 192-5.
Braveman, P., & Gottlieb, L. (2017). The social determinants of health: it’s time to consider the causes of the causes. Public health reports, 129 (Suppl 2), 19-31.
For communities facing higher rates of infection and higher mortality rate related to social determinants of health, public health nurses can help families living in these communities by providing primary intervention measures such as
NRS-428 Topic 2 DQ 1 Assignment: Global-social Determinants of Health
education on health promotion measures to prevent disease occurrence. Community/Public health nurses can promote, educate on immunizations against diseases, teach on sanitization measures, and proper handwashing methods to prevent infectious diseases, they can promote and teach good nutrition
emphasizing diets of reasonable size portions of foods high in whole grains, nuts, seeds, omega-3 fatty acids from seafoods, fruits and vegetables, avoiding processed meats and foods high in sodium and encouraging exercise programs (Green, 2018).
NRS-428 Topic 2 DQ 1 Assignment: Global-social Determinants of Health
For secondary prevention, Community/public health nurses can conduct screening for early detection and treating of health problems such as hypertension, diabetes and high cholesterol. Nurses can educate members of these communities directing teaching measures to deter further complications of their current health status and reducing the duration of the disease (Green, 2018).
Most members of these communities lack knowledge on the resources available to them such as assistance from state and local government sponsored programs for things like transportation, food and nutrition. Public health nurses can assist by providing links to them for such assistance.
Reference:
Green. (2018). Community & Public Health: The Future of Health Care. Community & Public Health: The Future of Health Care. Retrieved December 14, 2022, from https://lc.gcumedia.com/nrs427vn/community-and-public-health-the-future-of-health-care/v1.1/#/chapter/2
Social determinants of health (SDOH) significantly impact one’s livelihood. They affect one’s health, function capabilities, and quality of life. Other SDOH examples include safe housing, adequate transportation, decent neighborhoods, racism, discrimination, violence, education or occupation advancement, income,
access to nutritious meals, physical activity resources, clean air, purified water, and literacy skills. (Healthy People 2030, 2022). When people do not obtain the appropriate resources to promote their health, other medical problems arise.
NRS-428 Topic 2 DQ 1 Assignment: Global-social Determinants of Health
Health inequities and SDOH can hinder development in children, increase or decrease education barriers, occupational opportunities, food security related to finances, impact living conditions, culture development, health services, and access to technology and resources to obtain information.
Nurses, health professionals, and organizations must address SDOH to achieve health equity in their communities. SDOH can result in disease development and increase infection rates. These changes are seen on a chain of infection model used by professionals to determine how an infection spreads from one living mammal to another.
NRS-428 Topic 2 DQ 1 Assignment: Global-social Determinants of Health
The most common infections are communicable diseases. The examples provided are some common illnesses seen in the United States. Anyone can interrupt the chain of infection model by implementing a prevention activity. Education on preventing illnesses is crucial for nurses and patients to understand to promote health effectively.
Disease will never stop due to SDOH factors in society. Educating others on disease transmission and prevention will decrease infection rates, resulting in community health promotion.
Reference
Healthy People 2030. (2022). Social Determinants of Health. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. https://health.gov/healthypeople/priority-areas/social-determinants-health
Topic 2 DQ 1
Healthy People 2020 defines social determinants of health (SDOH) as conditions in the environment in which individuals are born, raised in, learn, work, worship, and age. The environmental conditions affect individuals’ health, functioning as well as the quality of life outcomes and risks (“Social Determinants”, 2017).
SDOH include the availability of resources to cater to daily needs, access to educational and economic opportunities, access to health care services, and public safety (“Social Determinants”, 2017). Healthy People 2020 developed five central areas of SDOH that include economic stability, education, social and community context, health and health Care and Neighborhood, and Built Environment.
The five key areas of SDOH contribute to the development of diseases as they determine individuals’ access to primary health care and the quality of care they receive. Primary health care helps in early detection and treatment of various diseases, particularly chronic illnesses and cancers; hence lack of access to health care may result in the progress of a disease to its advanced stage (“Social Determinants”,).
Environmental conditions also contribute to the progression of communicable diseases since the environment determines the growth of disease-causing organisms and vectors (“Social Determinants”, 2017). Furthermore, inadequate or lack of resources that affect the quality of life, such as the availability of nutritious food, public safety, education, and affordable housing, may deteriorate the health of a population.
The communicable disease chain model illustrates the spread of diseases from one host to another. The model represents the fundamental idea that persons can break the chain and reduce the risk of transmission at any point hence the spread of disease is stoppable (Hilken, Dickson & Sidley, 2017). Preventive measures can be adopted at both the portal of entry and exit, and this can help in breaking the chain and lowering the risk of transmission.
A nurse can break the link within the communicable disease chain by adopting infection prevention measures when handling patients and performing procedures. The measures include hand washing, applying aseptic techniques, isolation of patients having contagious diseases, appropriate disposal of waste and disinfection, and sterilization of instruments (World Health Organization, n.d).
The nurse can further educate patients on environmental sanitation to reduce reservoirs of microbes and transmission. Patient education on personal hygiene and behavior change to reduce practices that promote the spread of microbes resulting in contact diseases.
Furthermore, the nurse can educate the community on methods of vector control by eliminating vectors such as mosquitoes and snails, which are required in the transmission cycle of microbes (Hilken, Dickson & Sidley, 2017. The nurse can also protect the human host by promoting immunization and providing prophylactic therapy to prevent spread o microbes, causing diseases such as malaria, tuberculosis, and meningitis.References
Hilken, L., Dickson, A., & Sidley, C. (2017). Nurse infection prevention champions: A model for success. American Journal of Infection Control, 45(6), S107.
Social determinants of health | Healthy people 2020. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://www.healthypeople.gov/2020/topics-objectives/topic/social-determinants-of-health
World Health Organization: Who. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://www.who.int/
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